Самцы, самки и детёныши животных на английском языке (Animal Terminology)

 

Animal	Male	Female	Young	Collective	Sound
Alpaca	macho, wether (neut)	hombre	cria, tui
Ant	male ant	queen, worker (nr)	larva, antling	colony, swarm, army, nest, state
Antelope	ram	ewe	calf, fawn, kid, yearling	herd
Ape				shrewdness	gibber
Ass, burro, donkey	jack, jackass, gelding(neut), john(neut), ass(neut)	jenny, jennet	foal	herd, pace, drove	bray
Bacteria				culture
Badger	boar	sow	kit, cub	cete
Bass				shoal
Bat	male	female	pup	colony
Bear	boar, he-bear	sow, she-bear	cub	sleuth, sloth
Beaver	boar	sow	kit, kitten	colony, family
Bee	drone	queen, queen bee, worker(nr)	larva	swarm, grist, hive, cluster, nest, erst
Beetle					drone
Bird (general)			fledgling, nestling	flock, congregation, flight, dissimulation, volary(?), volery(?)	sing
Bittern				siege
Blackbird					whistle
Buffalo	bull	cow	calf, yearling, spike-bull	herd, troop, gang
Butterfly	male	female	larva, caterpillar	flutter, swarm army (of caterpillar)
Camel	bull	cow	calf, colt	flock, train, caravan
Caribou	bull, stag, hart	cow, doe	calf, fawn	herd
Cat	tom, tomcat, boarcat, ramcat, gib(neut) , gibcat(neut)	queen, tabby, grmalkin, malkin, pussy	pussy, kit, kitten, catling, kitling, kitty,	clowder/clutter (of cats) kindle/kendle (of kittens)	meow, mew, purr, caterwal, swear
Cattle	bull, steer(neut), ox(neut), stag(neut), bullock(Eng,neut)	cow (>2yrs, had calf) , heifer (<2yrs)	calf, stot, yearling, bullcalf, heifer	herd, drove, kine	bellow (bull) moo, low, bawl (cow) bleat, bawl (calf)
Chicken	rooster, cock, stag, chanticleer, capon (neut.)	hen, partlet, biddy	chick (very young), broiler (ready for market), chicken, poult, cockerel(m), pullet(f), pollute(Eng,f)	brood, peep, flock, run, clutch, chattering	crow (cock), peep, cackle
Clam				bed
Cobra				quiver
Codfish			codling, sprat
Coot				cover, covert
Coyote	dog	bitch	pup, whelp	pack, band
Crane				herd, sedge, siege
Crocodile				float
Crow	cock	hen	chick	murder, horde	caw
Cuckoo					cuckoo
Curlew				herd
Deer	buck, stag(Eng/neut), cactus buck(neut)	doe, hind(Eng)	fawn, yearling	herd, leash	bell
Dog, hound	sire, stud	bitch	pup, puppy, whelp	pack (of dogs) cry, mute (of hounds) leash (of greyhounds)	bark, basy, howl, yelp, snarl, woof, arf
Dolphin				pod	click
Dove				flight, dule pitying (of turtledoves)	coo, moan
Duck	drake, stag, capon(neut)	duck, hen	duckling, cockerel, flapper	flock, brace, team, paddling, raft, bed, flight	quack
Eagle	male	female	eaglet, fledgling	convocation	scream
Eel			elver
Elephant	bull	cow	calf	herd	trumpet
Elephant seal			weaner	pod
Elk	bull	cow	calf	herd, gang
Emu				mob
Falcon				cast	chant
Ferret	buck, hob, dog	bitch, jill, doe	kit	business, fesnyng(?)
Finch				charm
Fish (general)			fry	school, shoal, run, haul, catch, drought, draught
Flamingo				stand
Fly				swarm	buzz
Fox	fox, dog	vixen	cub, pub, kit	skulk, leash, family, cloud, troop	bark, yelp
Frog			polliwog, tadpole	army, colony	croak
Giraffe	bull	cow	calf	herd, corps, troop	bleat, grunt
Gnat				swarm, cloud, horde
Goat	ram, billy, wether(neut), wither(Eng), buck, billie, billy-goat, he-goat	doe, nanny, she-goat, nannie, nanny goat	kid	tribe, trip, flock, herd
Goose	gander, stag	goose, dame	gosling, goruse, cheeper, cockerel(m)	gaggle, flock skein (in flight) plump (on water)	cackle, hiss, honk
Gorilla				band
Grasshopper					chirp, pitter
Grouse			cheeper		drum
Guinea Fowl	cock, capon(neut)	hen	keet, cockerel(m)	flock	cry
Guinea Pig, cavy	boar	sow		herd	squeak, whistle
Gull					squawk
Hare				down, husk	squeak
Hawk	tiercel	hen	eyas	cast, kettle	scram
Heron				hedge, siege, sedge
Hippopotamus			calf		bray, snort
Horse	stallion, stud, gilding (neut), stag, horse, stud	mare (>2yrs), dam	foal, yearling, colt(m), stot, stag, filly (<2yrs,f), hog-colt, hogget	horras(?), harras(?), haras(?), stable, remuda, herd, string, field, set, pair, team, string (of ponies)	neigh, whinny
Human	male	female	child	population, nation, group, couple, pair	unlimited vocabulary
Hummingbird				charm
Hyena					laugh
Jackrabbit	buck	doe	bunny	husk, dray
Jay				party	chatter
Jellyfish				smack
Kangaroo	buck, boomer	doe	joey	mob, troop, herd
Lapwing				desert
Lark				exaltation, ascension
Leopard	leopard	leopardess	cub	leap, leep
Lion	lion, tom	lioness, she-lion	cub, whelp, lionet	pride, troop, flock, sawt, souse	roar, growl
Llama	gelding(neut)		cria
Locust				plague
Loon					howl
Mackerel			blinker, tinker, spike
Magpie				tiding	chatter
Mallard				sord
Marten				richness
Mink	buck, hob, dog	bitch, jill, doe
Mole				labor
Monkey				troup	chatter, gibber
Moose	bull	cow	calf	herd
Mouse					squeak, squeal
Mule	jack, ass(neut)	jennet, jenny		brace, barren, span
Nightingale				watch	pipe, warble, jug-jug
Otter	buck, hog, dog	bitch, jill, doe
Owl			owlet	parliament	hoot, screech, wail
Oxen				herd, yoke, team, drove	low, bellow
Oyster				bed
Parrot				company	talk
Partridge	cock	hen	cheeper	covey
Peafowl	peacock	peahen		ostentation, muster	scream
Penguin			baby		bleat (baby)
Peregrine Falcon	tiercel	falcon
Pheasant				nide, nye, bouquet, nest
Pigeon			squab, squeaker	flock, flight	coo
Plover				congregation
Pronghorn	buck	doe	fawn	herd
Quail	cock	hen	cheeper, chick, squealer	covey, bevy
Racoon					chatter
Rabbit			bunny, kit, kitten	herd, nest (of bunnies)
Rat			pup	pack, swarm
Rattlesnake				rhumba
Raven				conspiracy, unkindness(?)	croak
Reindeer	buck	doe	fawn	herd
Rhinocerus			calf	crash	snort, grunt, growl, whistle
Salmon			parr, smolt, grilse
Sandpiper					pipe, whistle
Seal, sealion	bull	cow	signet, whelp, pup, cub, bachelor	herd, pod, trip, rookery, harem
Sheep	ram, wether(neut), buck, male sheep, mutton	ewe, dam	lamb, lambkin, shearling, yearling, cosset, hog	flock, drove, hirsel, trip, pack	baa, bleat
Snake	male	Ffemale	snakelet	nest, pit	hiss
Snipe				walk, wisp
Squirrel	buck	doe	pup, kitten	dray
Sparrow				host	chirp
Starling				murmuration
Stork				mustering
Swallow				flight	titter
Swan	cob	pen	cygnet	ballet, herd, bevy, lamentation, wedge, team, bank	crey, hiss, grunt, bark
Swine, pig	boar, barrow(neut), stag(neut)	sow	pig, piglet, suckling, shoat(m), gilt(f), trotter, farrow	sounder, sty, drift, herd, passel, parcel trip (litter of pigs)	grunt, squeak, squeal
Teal				spring
Termite	king	queen	nymph	colony, nest, swarm, brood
Thrushes					whistle
Toad	male	female	tadpole	knot
Trout				hover
Tiger					growl, roar
Tortoise					grunt
Turkey	tom, stag, capon(neut)	hen	hatchling, keet, poult, cockerel	rafter, raft	gobble
Turtle				bale
Walrus	bull	cow	cub	pod, herd
Whale	bull	cow	calf	school, gam, pod, herd
Wigeon				company
Wild Fowl (general)			flapper
Wolf	dog	bitch	pup	pack, route, herd	howl
Woodcock				fall
Woodpecker				descent
Zebra	stallion	mare	colt, foal	herd

12 Rules of English Grammar

 

"The 12 rules of English grammar" may refer to a set of fundamental principles that guide the structure and use of the English language. While there's no universally accepted list of exactly 12 rules, here is a generalized list of 12 important basic grammar rules that are often highlighted in English language teaching.

1. All sentences have a noun and a verb. Nouns are people, objects, animals or places. Verbs are the actions that the nouns perform. (In imperative sentences, the noun is usually implied.)

2. All sentences must contain a subject and a predicate. The subject is the person or thing performing an action, and the predicate is what the subject is doing.

3. Use correct punctuation. All sentences must end with a full stop^UK/period^US [ . ], exclamation mark [ ! ] or question mark [ ? ].

4. Remember to use articles. All single, countable common nouns must be preceded by a definite article [ the ] or indefinite article [ a/an ].

5. Remember when to use capital letters. The first word in a sentence is capitalised. The pronoun "I" is capitalised. Proper nouns (names) are capitalised.

6. Use adjectives and adverbs correctly. Adjectives describe nouns, which they precede unless separated by a verb. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. Their position varies depending on type.

7. Use tenses correctly. Tenses make sure that a sentence is relative to the time you’re describing. Using the wrong tense upsets the timeframe of the sentence.

8. Use quantifiers to indicate the amount of something when not using numbers. Some quantifiers can be used with all types of nouns, some only with countable nouns, and some only with uncountable nouns.

9. Use the active voice. The active voice [ Cats eat fish ] is more common than the passive voice [Fish are eaten by cats] .

10. Use correct prepositions and use them properly. Prepositions indicate the relationships between the different elements of a sentence.

11. Use apostrophes to show possession. For single nouns, add an apostrophe and the letter s [ the dog's ball ]. For plural nouns, add an apostrophe after the letter s [ the dogs' ball ]. Possessive pronouns [ my, your, his/her/its, our, their ] do NOT take an apostrophe.

12. Use the correct conjunction to connect clauses. Conjunctions are words that link two clauses together. They can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, depending on the context. Using the wrong conjunction can make a sentence incoherent.

https://tinyurl.com/257wzwt2

Идиомы, которые помогут понимать книги

 

1.Bookworm- человек, который обожает читать книги.
2. Hit the books - учиться
3. Don’t judge a book by it's cover - не судите книгу по обложке
4. To be in someone’s good books - быть любимчиком у кого-то
5. By the book - следовать правилам, не жульничать
6. To book - резервировать, бронировать или записываться на прием
7. Read someone like a book - видеть человека насквозь
8. Open book / Closed book - что-то очевидное/что-то непонятное, трудно угадываемое
9. To throw a book at someone - наказать по всей строгости закона
10. Every trick in the book - сделать все возможное, чтобы достичь результата, успеха
11. The oldest trick in the book - что-то очень очевидное
12. In my book - по-моему

https://tinyurl.com/puj8f8hx

Gradable and extreme adjectives

 

https://tinyurl.com/8zc85m3v

Elections in Great Britain

 

The maximum life of the House of Commons has been restricted to five years since the Parliament Act 1911. The franchise (right to vote) became universal for men in the nineteenth century. Women's suffrage came in two stages (1918 and 1928).

For parliamentary elections the United Kingdom is divided into 650 constituencies of roughly equal population. The average constituency contains about 60,000 registered votes. Any British citizen from the age of 18 registered as an elector for the constituency elects a single member to the House of Commons.

Voting is on the same day (usually on Thursday) in all constituencies, and the voting stations are open from 7 in the morning till 9 at night. Each voter has only one vote, if he knows that he will be unable to vote, because he is ill or has moved away or must be away on business, he may apply in advance to be allowed to send his vote by post.

Voting is not compulsory. But in the autumn of each year every householder is obliged by law to enter on the register of electors the name of every resident who is entitled to vote. Much work is done to ensure that the register is complete and accurate. It's only possible to vote at the polling station appropriate to one's address.

As in Britain the political scene is dominated by the Conservatives and the Labour Party, in every constituency each of these parties has a local organization whose first task is to choose the candidate and which then helps him to conduct his local campaign. Any British subject can be nominated as a candidate, there is no need to live in the area, though peers, clergymen, lunatics and felons in prison are disqualified from sitting in the House of Commons.

There are usually more than two candidates for each seat. The candidate who wins the most votes is elected. This practice is known as the majority electoral system.

Read and answer the following questions:

1. How often are elections held in Great Britain?

2. How many constituencies are there in the United Kingdom?

3. Are electors allowed to vote by post?

4. Is voting compulsory?

5. Who can be nominated a candidate at the election?

6. What is the essence of the majority electoral system?

https://tinyurl.com/mr79ev6a

Basic vs. Advanced verbs #4

 

Negative vs. Positive Mindset

 

Basic vs. Advanced English - 3

 

Starting Business Еnglish - Деловой английский язык №2. Как отвечать на телефонные звонки

 

1 Hello, my name is Edward Green. I would like to speak to Mr. Smith, please. 2 I am sorry, but Mr. Smith isn't available. 3 Okay. I'll ring back. Does Mr. Smith have a direct line? 4 I'm sorry but the number is confidential. 5 Okay. Thank you. 6 It's very difficult to speak to Mr. Smith. 7 Yes. I know. 8 Good morning, RUYJ Advertising. 9 Good morning, this is Don Bradley. Can I talk to Phil Watson, please? 10 What company are you from please? 11 Bibury Systems. 12 I'll put you through. 13 Phil Watson's phone. 14 Good morning. Can I talk to Phil, please. 15 Can I ask who's calling please? 16 Don Bradley from Bibury Systems. 17 Well Mr. Bradley, I'm afraid Phil's not in the office at the moment. 18 Can I take a message or would you like to ring him on his mobile phone? 19 I'll try his mobile. Can I have the number please? 20 Zero eight zero two five four three double seven. 21 Just let me check that. Zero eight zero two five four three double seven. 22 That's it. 23 Thanks. 24 Hello. Phil Watson. 25 Hello. Phil, this is Don Bradley. 26 Hello, Don. Sorry to keep you waiting. How are you? 27 I'm fine, thanks. Can we meet? 28 We have a new product and I want you to see it. 29 Hello. Mr. Smith's office. 30 Hello, my name is Edward Green from Bibury Systems. 31 I rang earlier. I would like to speak to Mr. Smith, please. 32 I'm afraid Mr. Smith is not in the office at the moment. 33 Can I ask what it is about? 34 It is very important. I represent Bibury Systems. 35 We've got a new product and I want Mr. Smith to see it. 36 Please send the product specifications by mail, Mr. Green. 37 I would like Mr. Smith to see the product and would like to talk to Mr. Smith direct. 38 When is a good time to call? 39 You could try ringing this afternoon. 40 Thank you. Goodbye. 41 Yes. 42 Can I speak to Peter? 43 Peter Hill? 44 No, Peter Toyama. 45 There is no one here called Peter Toyama. 46 Is that extension 367? 47 No, you've got the wrong number. This is 412. 48 I'm sorry. Could you put me back to the switchboard? 49 Yes, hang on.

1 Здравствуйте, меня зовут Эдвард Грин. Я хотел бы поговорить с г-ном Смитом. 2 Извините, но г-на Смита сейчас нет. 3 Хорошо. Я перезвоню. Можно связаться с г-ном Смитом по прямой телефонной линии? 4 Простите, но я не могу вам дать его номер без разрешения. 5 Хорошо. Спасибо. 6 До г-на Смита нелегко дозвониться. 7 Да. Я знаю. 8 Доброе утро. Рекламная компания RUYJ. 9 Доброе утро, это Дои Брэдли. Я могу поговорить с Филом Уотсоном, пожалуйста? 10 Из какой вы компании, скажите пожалуйста? 11 "Байбери Системс". 12 Я вас соединяю. 13 Телефон Фила Уотсоиа. 14 Доброе утро. Я могу поговорить с Филом Уотсоном, пожалуйста? 15 Могу я узнать кто звонит, пожалуйста? 16 Дон Брэдли из "Байбери Системс". 17 Г-н Брэдли, боюсь, Фила сейчас нет в офисе. 18 Я могу принять сообщение или вы желаете позвонить на его мобильный телефон? 19 Я попробую позвонить на мобильный. Могу я узнать номер? 20 0802 54377. 21 Разрешите, я повторю для контроля. 0802 54377 22 Верно. 23 Спасибо. 24 Алло. Фил Уотсон. 25 Алло, Фил, это Дон Брэдли. 26 Здравствуй, Дон. Извини, что заставил тебя ждать. Как дела? 27 Спасибо, хорошо. Мы можем встретиться? 28 У нас есть новое изделие, и я хочу, чтобы ты на него взглянул. 29 Алло, офис г-на Смита. 30 Здравствуйте, меня зовут Эдвард Грин, я из "Байбери Системс". 31 Я уже звонил вам раньше. Я бы хотел поговорить с г-ном Смитом. 32 Боюсь, г-на Смита сейчас нет в офисе. 33 Могу я спросить, по какому вопросу вы звоните? 34 Это очень важно. Я представляю "Байбери Системс". 35 У нас есть новое изделие, и я бы хотел, чтобы г-н Смит увидел его. 36 Пожалуйста, вышлите технические характеристики изделия по почте, г-н Грин. 37 Я бы хотел, чтобы г-н Смит взглянул на изделие, и я бы хотел поговорить с ним непосредственно. 38 В какое время удобнее позвонить? 39 Попробуйте позвонить сегодня во второй половине дня. 40 Спасибо. До свидания. 41 Да? 42 Я могу поговорить с Питером. 43 Питером Хиллома? 44 Нет, Питером Тойяма. 45 Здесь нет никого по имени Питер Тойяма. 46 Это добавочный номер 367? 47 Нет, вы набрали неправильный номер. Это 412. 48 Извините, вы не могли бы снова соединить меня с коммутатором? 49 Да, не кладите трубку.

50 Hello, this is Edward Green. I rang earlier. 51 I would like to speak to Mr. Smith, please. 52 I'm afraid that Mr. Smith is in a meeting. 53 Is he free later this afternoon? 54 I don't think so. Mr. Smith is very busy at the moment. 55 I'll ring again tomorrow. 56 I am afraid Mr. Smith isn't in the office tomorrow. 57 Clive Harris. 58 Clive, it's Kate. 58-1 Hello Kate. 59 Are you busy? 60 No, why? 61 I've got the sales report and I have all the figures ready for the presentation to Mr. Sakai. 62 Do you want to see them? 63 Good morning, Bibury Systems. How can I help you? 64 Hello. My name is Sakai. I would like to speak to Mr. Harris, please. 65 Please hold the line, Mr. Sakai. I'll put you through. 66 Hello. 67 Mr. Sakai is on the line. 68 Put him through ... Sorry Kate, I must go. 69 I have very important call. I’ll call you later. 70 Hello, Mr. Sakai. 71 Hello, Mr. Harris, how are you? 72 I'm very well, thank you. How are you? 73 I'm fine. I'm calling about our meeting. 74 Yes? 75 Hello, Bibury Systems. How can I help you? 76 Could I ask who's calling please? 77 I'm afraid her extension is busy at the moment, Mr. Clark. 78 Will you hold, or can I take a message? 79 Okay, that's fine. I'll ask her to call you back. 80 Goodnight, Edward. 81 Goodnight. I am going to phone Mr. Smith's number once again. 82 Good luck! 83 It's six o'clock... Maybe Mr. Smith is still at work. 84 Maybe his secretary isn't there. 85 I don't think ... 86 Just wait... Ah Mr. Smith? My name is Edward Green. 87 Yes. 88 You don't know me but I work in Don Bradley's office at Bibury Systems. 89 Yes. 90 I spoke to your secretary today. 91 Yes. 92 You publish your catalogue this month. And we have an exciting new product. 93 I have all the products I need. 94 I would like you to have a word with Big Boss. 95 I'm sorry? 96 I'll put our new product on the line now. 97 Hello, Mr. Smith. My name is Big Boss. 98 I am eighteen inches high.  99 I am voice activated and I want to be in your catalogue.

50 Здравствуйте, это Эдвард Грин. Я звонил уже раньше. 51 Я бы хотел поговорить с г-м Смитом? 52 К сожалению, у г-на Смята сейчас встреча. 53 Он будет свободен попозже, во второй половине дня? 54 Не думаю. Г-н Смит сейчас очень занят. 55 Я позвоню завтра. 56 Боюсь, что г-на Смита не будет завтра в офисе. 57 Клайв Харрис. 58 Клайв, это Кейт. 58-1 Здравствуй, Кейт. 59 Ты занят? 60 Нет, а что? 61 У меня готов отчет о продажах и вся статистика для презентации г-ну Сакаи. 62 Хочешь посмотреть? 63 Доброе утро. "Байбери Системс". Чем могу вам помочь? 64 Здравствуйте. Меня зовут Сакаи. Я хотел бы поговорить с г-ном Харрисом. 65 Пожалуйста, г-н Сакаи, оставайтесь на линии. Я вас соединю. 66 Алло. 67 Г-н Сакаи на линии. 68 Соедините... Прости, Кейт, я должен уйти. 69 У меня очень важный звонок. Я перезвоню позже. 70 Здравствуйте, г-н Сакаи. 71 Здравствуйте, г-н Харрис, как поживаете? 72 Спасибо, очень хорошо. А вы? 73 Отлично. Я звоню по поводу нашей встречи. 74 Да? 75 Алло. 'Байбери Системе". Чем я могу вам помочь? 76 Могу я спросить, кто звонит? 77 К сожалению, ее добавочный номер сейчас занят, г-н Кларк. 78 Вы подождете или приму сообщение? 79 Хорошо, отлично. Я попрошу ее перезвонить вам. 80 До свидания, Эдвард. 81 До свидания. Я собираюсь еще раз набрать номер г-на Смита. 82 Удачи! 83 Сейчас шесть часов... Может, г-н Смит еще на работе. 84 Возможно, его секретарь уже нет? 85 Не думаю... 86 Подожди... А-а, г-н Смит? Меня зовут Эдвард Грин. 87 Да. 88 Вы меня не знаете, но я работаю в офисе Дона Брэдли в "Байбери Системс". 89 Да. 90 Я разговаривал сегодня с вашим секретарем. 91 Да. 92 Вы издаете в этом месяце каталог. А у нас есть очень интересный новый товар. 93 У меня уже есть все необходимые товары. 94 Я бы хотел, чтобы вы поговорили с Большим Боссом. 95 Простите? 96 Я сейчас соединю вас с нашим новым изделием. 97 Алло, г-н Смит. Меня зовут Большой Босс. 98 Я высотой восемнадцать дюймов. 99 Я умею говорить и хочу быть в вашем каталоге.

 

https://tinyurl.com/422ekjju