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Предлог — это служебное слово, которое показывает отношения существительного или местоимения с другими словами в предложении.
Предлоги по форме делятся на:
N. B. | Между английскими и русскими предлогами нет постоянного соответствия. Один и тот же английский предлог может переводиться различными русскими предлогами, и наоборот: | |
I am standing at the window. I get up at seven o'clock. Книга на столе. Он посмотрел на меня. | Я стою у окна. Я встаю в семь часов. The book is on the table. He looked at me. | |
Некоторые глаголы в английском языке требуют после себя предлога: to wait for ждать, to listen to слушать, to depend on зависеть от, to rely on полагаться на и т. д.
N. B. | Некоторые предлоги совпадают по форме с наречиями, различить их можно по роли в предложении: предлоги в отличие от наречий не несут на себе смыслового ударения. |
№ | ПРЕДЛОГ | ОСНОВНЫЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ | ||
ВРЕМЯ | МЕСТО И НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ | ДРУГОЕ | ||
1 | ABOUT | около | около, вокруг, кругом | о, об, около |
2 | ABOVE | над, выше | ||
3 | ACROSS | поперек, через, на ту сторону | ||
4 | AFTER | после | за, вслед за | |
5 | AGAINST | против | ||
6 | ALONG | вдоль, по | ||
7 | AMONG | между, среди | ||
8 | AT | в | у, возле, около | |
9 | BEFORE | до, перед | перед | |
10 | BEHIND | позади, за | ||
11 | BELOW | под, ниже | ||
12 | рядом с, около | |||
13 | кроме (сверх) | |||
14 | BETWEEN | между | ||
15 | BEYOND | по ту сторону, за | ||
16 | к | у, возле, около, мимо | 1) обозначает действующее лицо; 2) средство или способ совершения действия | |
17 | DOWN | вниз по, с | ||
18 | DURING | в течение, во время | ||
19 | EXCEPT | кроме (за исключением) | ||
20 | FOR | в течение, на | для, за | |
21 | FROM | от, с | от, с | |
22 | IN | в, через, за, в течение | в | |
23 | INSIDE | внутри, внутрь | ||
24 | INTO | в | ||
25 | OF | 1) употребляется в выражениях, отвечающих на вопросы кого? чего? 2) из; 3) в | ||
26 | OFF | с, со | ||
27 | ON (UPON) | в | на | по, об, о |
28 | OUT OF | из (изнутри) | ||
29 | OUTSIDE | вне, за пределами, за пределы | ||
30 | OVER | более, свыше | над, через | свыше, сверх |
31 | PAST | после | мимо | |
32 | ROUND, AROUND | вокруг, кругом | ||
33 | SINCE | с, с тех пор как | ||
34 | THROUGH | через, сквозь | из-за, вследствие | |
35 | TILL, UNTIL | до, вплоть до | ||
36 | TO | в, на, к | употребляется в выражениях, отвечающих на вопросы кому? чему? | |
37 | TOWARDS | к | к, по направлению к | |
38 | UNDER | под | меньше | |
39 | UP | вверх по, по | ||
40 | WITH | с | ||
41 | WITHIN | в течение, не позднее чем через | ||
42 | WITHOUT | без | ||
About: They have a discussion about football.
Above: A plane is flying above the village.
Abroad: Mary went abroad.
According to: According to my family, I’m a clever student.
Across: You can swim across the river.
After: I slept after I arrived my house.
Against: This company is up against the bankruptcy.
Ago: She came back school a while ago.
Ahead of: We are ahead of our work schedule.
Along: Are you going along?
Amidst: I think my sister was luck woman. My sister was born and reared amidst plenty.
Among: I want to live in a home among trees.
Amongst: She is a girl amongst women.
Apart: Apart from the football, he plays basketball and tennis.
Around: He left around 6:40.
As: As it’s raining again, we’ll not play tennis.
As far as: As far as I’m concerned, we’re bad situation.
As well as: My son plays the piano as well as he plays basketball.
Aside: My family has a little money put aside.
At: She was at home.
Away: Put your laptop away.
Because of: She was late because of missing the train.
Before: C goes before D in Alphabet.
Behind: The shaker is behind the glass.
Below: It is 20 degrees below zero.
Beneath: Alex is sitting beneath the pine tree.
Beside: My brother sat down beside me.
Besides: Besides, it’s still early for me.
Between: My home is between library and bank.
Beyond: Barcelona football club’s success is beyond question.
But: We are very hungry, but the fridge is empty.
By: I always goes to work by train.
By means of: I wake up seven o’clock by means of an alarm clock.
Despite: I love my wife despite her faults.
Down: Calm down my friend!
Due to: Her success was due to her family.
During: I met the intern during lunch.
Except: Nobody came the party except George and Alex.
For: Is the coffee too hot for you?
From: Where are you from?
Hence: We travel hence tomorrow to France.
In: I live in London.
In accordance with: In accordance with the doctor, she is very sick.
In addition to: In addition to his car, he has a jeep.
In case of: The alarm will ring in case of theft.
In front of: The supermarket in front of the bank.
In lieu of: I play football in lieu of studying.
In place of: I stayed home in place of going to school.
In spite of: In spite of being a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat.
Inside: They are going inside.
Instead of: My sister should study her lessons instead of watching TV.
Into: Go into the her room and take wallet.
Like: She is very clever like me.
Near: I live near the sea.
Next: The two teams play voleyball the next day.
Next to: My wallet is next to pen.
Notwithstanding: Notwithstanding the bad weather, they went for a walk.
Of: This is a car of my family.
Off: I gotta take off.
On: My notebook is on the table.
On account of: For some critics we might be uncool on account of our popularity.
On behalf of: She spoke on behalf of the good plan.
Onto: The cat jumped onto the roof.
Opposite: “Tall” is the opposite of “short”.
Out: Cut it out!
Outside: It seems warm outside.
Over: When is party over?
Owing to: Owing to the rain, the soccer match was cancelled.
Past: It is half past seven.
Per: I get paid $3.000 per month.
Prior to: This accident happened prior to my arrival.
Round: They have a round table.
Since: She has been here since 5 O’clock.
Than: He’s older than Mary.
Through: We walked slowly through the road.
Throughout: Throughout history, people have survived a lot of things.
Till: I didn’t eat meat till I was 18.
Times: Two times two is four.
To: It is twenty to two.
Toward: My friend, turn toward me.
Towards: He is walking towards me.
Under: It is under the table.
Underneath: I found the wallet underneath the table.
Unlike: Unlike my sister, I am tall.
Until: Are you going to study until 7?
Up: Please Stand up!
Upon: The earth I’m walk upon doesn’t recognize me.
Via: Can I pay via Visa?
With: Come with me, please.
Within: She arrived within 10 minutes.
Without: I feel sad without you.
Worth: That was worth the wait.
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