Britney Spears - Born To Make You Happy (Lyrics)

 

Britney Spears - Born To Make You Happy

I'm sitting here alone up in my room
And thinking about the times that we've been through
(oh my love)
I'm looking at a picture in my hand
Trying my best to understand
I really want to know what we did wrong
with a love that felt so strong
If only you were here tonight
I know that we could make it right

I don't know how to live without your love
I was born to make you happy
'Cause you're the only one within my heart
I was born to make you happy
Always and forever you and me
That's the way our life should be
I don't know how to live without your love
I was born to make you happy

I know I've been a fool since you've been gone
I'd better give it up and carry on (oh my love)
'Cause living in a dream of you and me
is not the way my life should be
I don't want to cry a tear for you
So forgive me if I do
If only you were here tonight
I know that we could make it right

I don't know how to live without your love
I was born to make you happy
'Cause you're the only one within my heart
I was born to make you happy
Always and forever you and me
That's the way our life should be
I don't know how to live without your love
I was born to make you happy

I'd do anything, I'd give you my world
I'd wait forever, to be your girl
Just call call out my name,
and I will be there
Just to show you how much I care

I don't know how to live without your love
I was born to make you happy
'Cause you're the only one within my heart
I was born to make you happy
Always and forever you and me
That's the way our life should be
I don't know how to live without your love
I was born to make you happy

https://tinyurl.com/3sbw8ns4

Омофоны (Homophones) в анлийском

 

Омофоны — слова, которые звучат одинаково, но пишутся по-разному.

Сравните: ATE (форма прошедшего времени глагола EAT) и EIGHT (восемь). Это и есть омофоны.

В английском они возникли вследствие исторически сложившегося разного обозначения на письме одного и того же согласного или гласного звука, например: WHOLE — HOLE, KNEW — NEW; DEAR — DEER, BEAR — BARE.

Очень часто путают также: YOUR — YOU'RE, TO — TOO, THEN — THAN, AFFECT — EFFECT.

Чтобы отличить одно слово от другого и не ошибиться нужно, разумеется, знать значение и правописание каждого из слов и внимательно анализировать смысл предложения. В таблице ниже – самые популярные «часто путаемые» слова

Внимательно изучите этот список, а затем проверьте себя на практике, выполнив небольшое (но очень полезное!) задание:

English Homophones

English (especially British English) is not spelt phonetically. Two words can share none, any or all of Spelling, Pronunciation and Meaning. All languages have synonyms (words with unrelated spelling and pronunciation but the same meaning) and words with multiple meanings. However English has an exceptional disparity between spelling and pronunciation.

 The possible combinations or some but all characteristics being the same are as follows:-
 

Spelling	Pronunciation	Meaning	Classification	Example
Same	Different	Different	Homonym	refuse
Different	Same	Different	Homophone	See below
Same	Same	Different	Multiple meanings	trap
Different	Different	Same	Synonym	rare/uncommon
Same	Different	Same	Alternative pronuncation	Schedule (British/American pronuncation)
Different	Same	Same	Alternative spelling	jail/gaol

This page is about homophones. Words with different meanings and spellings, but the same (UK) pronunciation. 

Homophones

This is a list of British-English homophones. See the explanation page for details of the inclusion criteria.

accessary, accessory ad, add ail, ale air, heir aisle, I'll, isle all, awl allowed, aloud alms, arms altar, alter arc, ark aren't, aunt ate, eight auger, augur auk, orc aural, oral away, aweigh awe, oar, or, ore axel, axle aye, eye, I bail, bale bait, bate baize, bays bald, bawled ball, bawl band, banned bard, barred bare, bear bark, barque baron, barren base, bass bay, bey bazaar, bizarre be, bee beach, beech bean, been beat, beet beau, bow beer, bier bel, bell, belle berry, bury berth, birth bight, bite, byte billed, build bitten, bittern blew, blue bloc, block boar, bore board, bored boarder, border bold, bowled boos, booze born, borne bough, bow boy, buoy brae, bray braid, brayed braise, brays, braze brake, break bread, bred brews, bruise bridal, bridle broach, brooch bur, burr but, butt buy, by, bye buyer, byre calendar, calender call, caul canvas, canvass cast, caste caster, castor caught, court caw, core, corps cede, seed ceiling, sealing cell, sell censer, censor, sensor cent, scent, sent cereal, serial cheap, cheep check, cheque choir, quire chord, cord cite, sight, site clack, claque clew, clue climb, clime close, cloze coal, kohl coarse, course coign, coin colonel, kernel complacent, complaisant complement, compliment coo, coup cops, copse council, counsel cousin, cozen creak, creek crews, cruise cue, kyu, queue curb, kerb currant, current cymbol, symbol dam, damn days, daze dear, deer descent, dissent desert, dessert deviser, divisor

dew, due die, dye discreet, discrete doe, doh, dough done, dun douse, dowse draft, draught dual, duel earn, urn eery, eyrie ewe, yew, you faint, feint fah, far fair, fare farther, father fate, fête faun, fawn fay, fey faze, phase feat, feet ferrule, ferule few, phew fie, phi file, phial find, fined fir, fur fizz, phiz flair, flare flaw, floor flea, flee flex, flecks flew, flu, flue floe, flow flour, flower foaled, fold for, fore, four foreword, forward fort, fought forth, fourth foul, fowl franc, frank freeze, frieze friar, fryer furs, furze gait, gate galipot, gallipot gallop, galop gamble, gambol gays, gaze genes, jeans gild, guild gilt, guilt giro, gyro gnaw, nor gneiss, nice gorilla, guerilla grate, great greave, grieve greys, graze grisly, grizzly groan, grown guessed, guest hail, hale hair, hare hall, haul hangar, hanger hart, heart haw, hoar, whore hay, hey heal, heel, he'll hear, here heard, herd he'd, heed heroin, heroine hew, hue hi, high higher, hire him, hymn ho, hoe hoard, horde hoarse, horse holey, holy, wholly hour, our idle, idol in, inn indict, indite it's, its jewel, joule key, quay knave, nave knead, need knew, new knight, night knit, nit knob, nob knock, nock knot, not know, no knows, nose laager, lager lac, lack lade, laid lain, lane lam, lamb laps, lapse larva, lava lase, laze law, lore lay, ley lea, lee

leach, leech lead, led leak, leek lean, lien lessen, lesson levee, levy liar, lyre licence, license licker, liquor lie, lye lieu, loo links, lynx lo, low load, lode loan, lone locks, lox loop, loupe loot, lute made, maid mail, male main, mane maize, maze mall, maul manna, manner mantel, mantle mare, mayor mark, marque marshal, martial marten, martin mask, masque maw, more me, mi mean, mien meat, meet, mete medal, meddle metal, mettle meter, metre might, mite miner, minor, mynah mind, mined missed, mist moat, mote mode, mowed moor, more moose, mousse morning, mourning muscle, mussel naval, navel nay, neigh nigh, nye none, nun od, odd ode, owed oh, owe one, won packed, pact packs, pax pail, pale pain, pane pair, pare, pear palate, palette, pallet pascal, paschal paten, patten, pattern pause, paws, pores, pours pawn, porn pea, pee peace, piece peak, peek, peke, pique peal, peel pearl, purl pedal, peddle peer, pier pi, pie pica, pika place, plaice plain, plane pleas, please plum, plumb pole, poll poof, pouffe practice, practise praise, prays, preys principal, principle profit, prophet quarts, quartz quean, queen rain, reign, rein raise, rays, raze rap, wrap raw, roar read, reed read, red real, reel reek, wreak rest, wrest retch, wretch review, revue rheum, room right, rite, wright, write ring, wring road, rode roe, row role, roll roo, roux, rue rood, rude root, route rose, rows rota, rotor rote, wrote rough, ruff

rouse, rows rung, wrung rye, wry saver, savour spade, spayed sale, sail sane, seine satire, satyr sauce, source saw, soar, sore scene, seen scull, skull sea, see seam, seem sear, seer, sere seas, sees, seize sew, so, sow shake, sheikh shear, sheer shoe, shoo sic, sick side, sighed sign, sine sink, synch slay, sleigh sloe, slow sole, soul some, sum son, sun sort, sought spa, spar staid, stayed stair, stare stake, steak stalk, stork stationary, stationery steal, steel stile, style storey, story straight, strait sweet, suite swat, swot tacks, tax tale, tail talk, torque tare, tear taught, taut, tort te, tea, tee team, teem tear, tier teas, tease terce, terse tern, turn there, their, they're threw, through throes, throws throne, thrown thyme, time tic, tick tide, tied tire, tyre to, too, two toad, toed, towed told, tolled tole, toll ton, tun tor, tore tough, tuff troop, troupe tuba, tuber vain, vane, vein vale, veil vial, vile wail, wale, whale wain, wane waist, waste wait, weight waive, wave wall, waul war, wore ware, wear, where warn, worn wart, wort watt, what wax, whacks way, weigh, whey we, wee, whee weak, week we'd, weed weal, we'll, wheel wean, ween weather, whether weaver, weever weir, we're were, whirr wet, whet wheald, wheeled which, witch whig, wig while, wile whine, wine whirl, whorl whirled, world whit, wit white, wight who's, whose woe, whoa wood, would yaw, yore, your, you're yoke, yolk you'll, yule

Near misses

These are word pairs that have been suggested but rejection, for one of the following reasons:-

• Not precisely the same pronunciation.  I only reject on this grounds, if my dictionary gives different pronunciation (or is unclear) and I think there is a difference, or am not sure how one of the words in pronounced. 
  • accept, except
  • acetic, ascetic
  • advice, advise
  • affect, effect
  • axe, acts
  • axle, axil
  • deal, dele
  • caret, carrot
  • close, clothes
  • cask, casque
  • deuce, juice
  • facts, fax
  • formerly, formally
  • halve, have
  • hostel, hostile
  • ion, iron
  • jota, jotter
  • liar, layer
  • loch, lock
  • mana, manna
  • ordinance, ordnance
  • paw/pore/pour, poor
  • pecan, pekan
  • picture, pitcher
  • plaintiff, plaintive
  • prince, prints
  • presence, presents
  • tense, tents
  • wan, won
• The two spellings have a meaning in common.  Even if each spelling has distinct meanings, any common mean classifies them as alternative spellings rather than homophones.  (American, or other non-British, spellings are ignored for this purpose.)
  • ambiance, ambience
  • assay, essay
  • aught, ought
  • cot, cote
  • depositary, depository
  • forbear, forebear
  • forego, forgo
  • gage, gauge
  • gel, jell
  • genet, jennet
  • gibe, gybe
  • gray, grey
  • grill, grille
  • groin, groyne
  • gunnel, gunwale
  • hippie, hippy
  • main, maine
  • prise, prize
  • ray, re
  • ton, tonne
• It would be double counting.  If two forms of two words are different homophones, then I only count a single example.
  I list complement/compliment and hence don't list complementary/complimentary.  I normally list the simplest form (singular rather than plural; present tense etc.) unless other form is a longer list.
  e.g. I list holey/holy/wholly rather than hole/whole.
• Proper nouns and associated adjectives are not allowed, notably a lot of nations, nationalities, and place names are pronounced the same as common nouns. 
  • Capitol, capital
  • Crewe, crew
  • Czech, check/cheque
  • Chile, chilly/chilli
  • Dane, deign
  • Greece, grease
  • Hungary, hungry
  • Lapp, lap
  • Nice, niece
  • Pole, poll
  • Rome, roam
  • Sikh, seek
  • Thai, tie
  • Towcester, toaster
  • Wales, whales
  And many, many more.

https://tinyurl.com/4kkcucfw

Who, Whom, and Whose

 

https://tinyurl.com/498chyuj

Challenging Words #1

 

https://tinyurl.com/4k3naxct

Punctuation Marks in English with Helpful Examples

 

by Matloob

In this blog post, you will learn about punctuation marks, their types, rules, and usage in English. Punctuation is essential for structuring sentences, ensuring clarity and readability. Understanding how to use punctuation marks properly will enhance your writing and communication skills. Explore the different marks, from commas to quotation marks, and improve your ability to write with precision.

What is a Punctuation Mark?

Punctuation refers to the use of symbols in writing to clarify meaning and indicate pauses, breaks, and intonation. Punctuation marks help structure sentences and convey the intended message more accurately.

Types of Punctuation Marks

Punctuation marks help structure sentences and convey the intended message more accurately. Common punctuation marks include:

1. Period (.)
2. Comma (,)
3. Question Mark (?)
4. Exclamation Mark (!)
5. Colon (:)
6. Semicolon (;)
7. Quotation Marks (” ” or ‘ ‘)
8. Parentheses (())
9. Dash (— or –)
10. Ellipsis (…)
11. Apostrophe (‘)
12. Hyphen (-)
13. Slash (/)

The above-listed types are known as the different types of punctuation marks in English, which are used to clarify the meaning and indicate pauses, breaks, and intonation in English. Here, we are going to learn all about the punctuation marks that are given above in the list:

Period or Full Stop (.)

The period (.) is a punctuation mark used to indicate the end of a declarative sentence.

It is placed at the conclusion of a statement that is neither a question nor an exclamation. The period is a fundamental and widely used punctuation mark in English and many other languages.

Usage of Period or Full Stop in English:

1. End of a Sentence:

• The primary function of the period is to signal the completion of a sentence. It marks the boundary between one sentence and the next.
• Example: She went to the store.

2. Abbreviations:

• Periods are used in abbreviations to indicate missing letters or to separate the letters of an acronym.
• Example: Dr. Smith (Doctor), etc. (et cetera), U.S.A. (United States of America)

Comma (,)

A comma (,) is a punctuation mark used in writing to indicate a short pause, separate items in a list, set off introductory elements, and perform various other grammatical functions.

It is one of the most commonly used punctuation marks and plays a crucial role in clarifying the structure and meaning of sentences.

Usage of a Comma in English:

We use a comma (,) in English for the below reasons:

1. Separating Items in a List:

• Commas are used to separate items in a list of three or more elements.
• Example: I need to buy apples, bananas, and oranges.

2. Setting Off Introductory Elements:

• Commas are used to set off introductory words, phrases, or clauses at the beginning of a sentence.
• Example: After the long day, I finally sat down to rest.

3. Separating Independent Clauses:

• When two independent clauses (complete sentences) are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet), a comma is used before the conjunction.
• Example: She wanted to go to the concert, but she couldn’t get tickets.

4. Setting Off Nonrestrictive Elements:

• Commas are used to set off nonrestrictive (non-essential) elements within a sentence.
• Example: My friend, who lives in Paris, is coming to visit.

5. Separating Adjectives:

• Commas are used to separate two or more adjectives that modify the same noun.
• Example: It was a dark, stormy night.

6. Before Conjunctions in Compound Sentences:

• When joining two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction, a comma is used before the conjunction.
• Example: The sun was setting, and the temperature began to drop.

Question Mark (?)

The question mark (?) is a punctuation mark used to indicate that a sentence is a question.

It is placed at the end of an interrogative sentence to signal that the speaker is seeking information, confirmation, or some form of response. The question mark is a fundamental element in punctuation and is widely used in written language.

Usage of a Question Mark in English:

A question mark is used in English for the below reasons:

1. Direct Questions:

• It is used to indicate a direct question, where the speaker is asking for information.
• Example: What is your name?

2. Rhetorical Questions:

• In some cases, a question mark may be used in a sentence that is not a literal question but is meant to express a rhetorical question or make a point.
• Example: Isn’t that just wonderful?

3. Indirect Questions:

• In reported or indirect questions, the question mark is often omitted.
• Example: She asked what time it was.

Exclamation Mark (!)

The exclamation mark (!) is a punctuation mark used to convey strong emotion, emphasis, surprise, or exclamatory statements.

It is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate a sense of urgency, excitement, or a heightened emotional tone.

Usage of a Exclamation Mark in English:

An exclamation mark is used in English for the below reasons:

1. Exclamatory Sentences:

• It is used to punctuate sentences that express strong emotion or surprise.
• Example: What a beautiful sunset!

2. Commands or Imperatives with Strong Emphasis:

• It can be used in commands to convey a sense of urgency or strong emphasis.
• Example: Stop!

3. Expressing Enthusiasm or Excitement:

• It is used to convey a high level of enthusiasm or excitement.
• Example: Congratulations on your achievement!

4. Expressing Strong Agreement or Disapproval:

• It can be used to express strong agreement or disapproval.
• Example: That was an amazing performance!

5. Interjections:

• Exclamation marks are often used with interjections to convey strong emotions or reactions.
• Example: Oh no!

Colon (:)

A colon (:) is a punctuation mark consisting of two vertically aligned dots. It is used in writing to signify various relationships between the parts of a sentence.

Usage of a Colon in English:

A colon is used for the below reasons in English:

1. Introducing a List:

• A colon is often used to introduce a list of items, details, or examples.
• Example: Please bring the following items: a pen, notebook, and calculator.

2. Introducing a Quotation or Speech:

• A colon can be used to introduce a quotation, speech, or block of text.
• Example: “The teacher said: ‘Be prepared for the upcoming exam.'”

3. Separating Hours and Minutes in Time:

• Colons are used to separate hours from minutes when expressing time.
• Example: The meeting is scheduled for 3:30 P.M.

4. Separating Chapters and Verses in Biblical References:

• Colons are commonly used in biblical references to separate chapters from verses.
• Example: John 3:16.

5. Introducing an Explanation or Expansion:

• A colon can be used to introduce an explanation, elaboration, or expansion of an idea.
• Example: There was one thing left to do: apologize.

6. Formatting Ratios:

• Colons are used to express ratios or proportions.
• Example: The ratio of students to teachers is 20:1.

6. Semicolon (;)

Connects two closely related independent clauses.

The semicolon (;) is a punctuation mark that serves as a more distinct break than a comma but less final than a period.

Usage of a Semicolon in English:

A semicolon is used in English for the below reasons. Take a short look:

1. Joining Independent Clauses:

The semicolon is often used to connect two closely related independent clauses (complete sentences) that are not joined by a conjunction (and, but, nor, for, so, yet).

Example:

• She finished her work; then, she went to the gym.

2. Separating Items in a List with Internal Commas:

When items in a list contain internal commas, a semicolon can be used to separate the list items more clearly.

Example:

• The conference attendees included Sarah, the marketing manager; John, the IT specialist; and Lisa, the HR representative.

3. Linking Clauses in a Series:

Semicolons can be used to separate clauses in a series, especially when the series itself contains commas.

Example:

• The team traveled to New York, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Miami, Florida.

4. Clarifying Lists in Complex Sentences:

Semicolons can help clarify lists within complex sentences.

Example:

• Before the meeting, she needed to prepare three things: a presentation for the clients; a report for her team members, highlighting key achievements; and a summary of the budget.

7. Quotation Marks (” ” or ‘ ‘)

Enclose direct speech or a quotation.

Quotation marks, also known as inverted commas, are punctuation marks used in pairs to set off and represent the exact words someone has spoken or written.

Types of Quotation Marks in English:

There are two main types of quotation marks:

Double Quotation Marks (” “):

Double quotation marks are more commonly used in American English and are the standard form for enclosing a direct quotation.

Example:

• She said, “I’ll be there at 3 o’clock.”

Single Quotation Marks (‘ ‘):

Single quotation marks are more commonly used in British English, but they are also used to enclose a quotation within a quotation or to emphasize words.

Example:

• He said, ‘The article stated, “The results are inconclusive.”‘

Usage of a Quotation Marks in English:

We use a quotation mark in English for the below reasons:

1. Place punctuation marks inside the closing quotation mark.

• Example: She said, “Please come in.”

2. Use single quotation marks for a quotation within a quotation.

• Example: He remarked, “She told me, ‘I will be there.'”

3. Alternate between double and single quotation marks if you have a quotation within a quotation.

• Example: She replied, “He told me, ‘I can’t make it,’ but I don’t believe him.”

Quotation marks play a crucial role in indicating direct speech, dialogue, or verbatim text from another source.

8. Parentheses (())

Set off additional information within a sentence.

Parentheses, often simply called “parenthesis,” are punctuation marks used in pairs to set off additional information or to indicate that a group of words or a numerical expression within them is separate from the main text. The opening parenthesis is “(” and the closing parenthesis is “)”.

Common Usage of Parentheses in English:

1. Enclosing Additional Information:

Parentheses are often used to enclose supplementary or clarifying information that is not essential to the main sentence.

Example:

• The capital of France is Paris (often called the “City of Light”).

2. Setting Off Acronyms or Abbreviations:

Parentheses can be used to provide explanations or expansions for acronyms or abbreviations.

Example:

• NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was established in 1958.

3. Indicating an Aside or Commentary:

Writers may use parentheses to insert comments or asides into the text.

Example:

• We are planning a picnic in the park (weather permitting).

4. Presenting Numerical Expressions:

Parentheses can be used in mathematical expressions to indicate order of operations.

Example:

• (2 + 3) * 4 = 20

4. Citing Sources in Writing:

In academic writing, parentheses are often used to include citations or references.

Example:

• The population increased by 10% in the last decade (Smith, 2020).

9. Dash (— or –)

Used for emphasis, interruption, or to set off information.

The dash is a punctuation mark that comes in two main forms: the en dash (–) and the em dash (—). Both dashes are longer than hyphens and are used in different contexts.

Usage of a Dash in English

En Dash (–):

The en dash is approximately the width of an uppercase “N” and is primarily used to represent a range of values, such as numbers, dates, or time spans. It can also indicate a connection or relationship between two items.

Example of a range:

• Pages 10–20

Example of a connection:

• The London–Paris flight

Em Dash (—):

The em dash is approximately the width of an uppercase “M” and is used for various purposes, including setting off a parenthetical statement, indicating a sudden change in thought, or creating emphasis.

Example of a parenthetical statement:

• The recipe—although complicated—was delicious.

Example of a sudden change in thought:

• I was going to buy a new laptop—then I realized I had a perfectly good one at home.

Example of creating emphasis:

• The winner of the competition was—unexpectedly—our youngest contestant.

10. Ellipsis (…)

Indicates omission or a trailing off of thought.

An ellipsis (…) is a set of three dots used in writing to indicate the omission of words, a pause, hesitation, or trailing off of thought. The ellipsis is often employed to create a sense of suspense, suggest incomplete thoughts, or convey a thoughtful or reflective tone.

Common Usage of an Ellipsis in English:

1. Omission of Words:

Ellipses are used to represent the omission of one or more words from a quotation or text. This is common when quoting a source but excluding irrelevant or non-essential parts.

Example:

• The original text was too long to include in its entirety, so I used an ellipsis to indicate omitted portions.

2. Indicating a Pause or Hesitation:

Ellipses can be used to show a pause in speech or writing, suggesting a moment of reflection or uncertainty.

Example:

• Well… I’m not sure how to explain it.

3. Trailing Off of Thought:

Ellipses can convey a trailing off of thought, as if the speaker or writer is leaving a statement incomplete.

Example:

• “I thought we were going to meet at… oh, never mind.

4. Creating Suspense or Emphasis:

Ellipses can be used to build suspense or emphasize a point by leaving something unsaid.

Example:

• The secret they were hiding was… astonishing.

11. Apostrophe (‘)

Indicates possession or contraction.

The apostrophe (‘) is a punctuation mark with several important uses in written language:

Usage of Apostrophe in English:

1. Contractions:

Apostrophes are used to indicate the omission of letters in contractions. In contractions, two words are combined into one, and some letters are dropped, with an apostrophe taking the place of the omitted letters.

Example:

• can’t” (cannot), won’t (will not), it’s (it is or it has)

2. Possessive Forms:

Apostrophes are used to indicate possession. When adding the possessive form to a singular noun, an apostrophe followed by an “s” is used. For plural nouns ending in “s,” an apostrophe is placed after the “s.”

Examples:

For singular possessive:

• The cat’s tail (the tail of the cat)

For plural possessive:

• The dogs’ leashes (the leashes of the dogs)

3. Pluralization of Letters, Numbers, and Symbols:

Apostrophes are used to form the plural of letters, numbers, and symbols to avoid confusion.

Example:

• Mind your p’s and q’s. (referring to individual letters)

4. Indicating Time or Quantity:

Apostrophes are used in abbreviations to indicate omitted numbers or letters.

Example:

• The ’60s (referring to the 1960s), mind your p’s and q’s (referring to pints and quarts)

12. Hyphen (-)

Connects words or parts of words, often in compound words.

The hyphen (-) is a punctuation mark used to join words or parts of words. It serves various purposes in written language.

Usage of an Hyphen in English:

1. Word Joining:

Hyphens are used to connect words and form compound words.

Example:

• mother-in-law, well-being, high-speed

2. Hyphenation of Prefixes and Suffixes:

Hyphens are used to join prefixes or suffixes to words, especially when the addition of the affix might cause confusion or ambiguity.

Example:

• pre-approval, re-examine, anti-inflammatory

3. Number Range:

Hyphens are used to indicate a range of numbers.

Example:

• pages 10-15, the years 2000-2020

4. Joining Words in Adjectival Phrases:

Hyphens are used to connect words in compound adjectives that come before a noun.

Example:

• a well-known author, a three-year-old child

5. Joining Words in Adverbs Ending in -ly:

In some cases, hyphens are used to connect two words in adverbs that end in -ly.

Example:

• a quickly-growing plant

6. Clarifying Pronunciation:

Hyphens can be used to break a word at the end of a line of text to indicate pronunciation or to avoid awkward spacing.

Example:

• After a long day, she felt over-whelmed.

13. Slash (/)

Separates alternatives, such as in a date (mm/dd/yyyy) or in abbreviations. The slash (/) is a punctuation mark that is also known as a forward slash.

Common Usage of a Slash in English:

1. Separating Alternatives:

The slash is commonly used to indicate a choice or alternative between two words or phrases.

Example:

• Please bring a pencil/paper.

2. Indicating a Line Break in Poetry or Song Lyrics:

The slash is used to represent a line break when quoting poetry or song lyrics.

Example (Poetry):

• Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

3. Abbreviations and Acronyms:

The slash can be used in abbreviations or acronyms, often to represent ‘or.’

Example:

• w/o (without), and/or (and or or)

4. Separating Dates:

The slash is used to separate parts of a date, especially in numerical format.

Example:

• 04/15/2022 (April 15, 2022)

5. Indicating a Ratio:

The slash is used to represent a ratio or relationship between two quantities.

Example:

• The ratio of boys/girls in the class is 2:1.

6. File Paths in Computing:

In file paths for computer systems, the slash is used to separate directories.

Example:

• C:/Documents/Files

Punctuation Marks Guide

Hyphen in English with Helpful Examples

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