Лексика по теме «Здоровье, части тела» (Health and parts of the body)

 

Русское слово	English word	Транскрипция
части тела	parts of the body
бедро	thigh, hip	[ θaɪ ] [ hɪp ]
большой палец	thumb	[ θʌm ]
бровь	eyebrow	[ ˈaɪbraʊ ]
висок	temple	[ ˈtempəl ]
волосы (волос)	hair	[ heə ]
глаз	eye	[ aɪ ]
голова	head	[ hed ]
горло	throat	[ θrəʊt ]
грудь	chest, breast, bosom, bust	[ tʃest ] [ brest ] [ ˈbʊzəm ] [ bʌst ]
желудок	stomach	[ ˈstʌmək ]
живот	belly, stomach	[ ˈbeli ] [ ˈstʌmək ]
губа	lip	[ lɪp ]
запястье	wrist	[ rɪst ]
зуб	tooth	[ tuːθ ]
кожа	skin	[ skɪn ]
кость	bone	[ bəʊn ]
кровь	blood	[ blʌd ]
лёгкое	lung	[ lʌŋ ]
лицо	face	[ feɪs ]
лоб	forehead	[ ˈfɒrɪd ]
локоть	elbow	[ ˈelbəʊ ]
мозг	brain	[ breɪn ]
нога	leg	[ leɡ ]
ноготь	(finger / toe)nail	[ ˈfɪŋɡə / təʊ neɪl ]
нос	nose	[ nəʊz ]
палец	finger	[ ˈfɪŋɡə ]
палец ноги	toe	[ təʊ ]
пах	groin	[ ɡrɔɪn ]
печень	liver	[ ˈlɪvə ]
плечо	shoulder	[ ˈʃəʊldə ]
подбородок	chin	[ tʃɪn ]
позвоночник	spine, backbone, spinal column	[ spaɪn ] [ ˈbækbəʊn ] [ ˈspaɪnəl ˈkɒləm ]
почка	kidney	[ ˈkɪdni ]
пятка	heel	[ hiːl ]
ресница	eyelash	[ ˈaɪlæʃ ]
рот	mouth	[ maʊθ ]
рука	hand; arm	[ hænd ] [ ɑːm ]
сердце	heart	[ hɑːt ]
скелет	skeleton	[ ˈskelɪtən ]
спина	back	[ ˈbæk ]
стопа	foot	[ fʊt ]
талия	waist	[ weɪst ]
тело	body	[ ˈbɒdi ]
усы	moustache	[ məˈstɑːʃ ]
ухо	ear	[ ɪə ]
челюсть	jaw(-bone)	[ dʒɔː bəʊn ]
череп	skull	[ skʌl ]
шея	neck	[ nek ]
щека	cheek	[ tʃiːk ]
язык	tongue	[ tʌŋ ]
болезни / телесные повреждения	diseases / injuries
аллергическая реакция	allergic reaction	[ əˈlɜːdʒɪk rɪˈækʃən ]
аллергия	allergy	[ ˈælədʒi ]
амнезия; потеря памяти	amnesia, memory loss	[ æmˈniːziə ] [ ˈmeməri lɒs ]
ангина	quinsy, sore throat	[ ˈkwɪnzi ] [ sɔː θrəʊt ]
аппендицит	appendicitis	[ əˌpendəˈsaɪtɪs ]
артрит	arthritis	[ ɑːˈθraɪtɪs ]
астма	asthma	[ ˈæsmə ]
бессонница	insomnia	[ ɪnˈsɒmnɪə ]
бешенство	rabies	[ ˈreɪbiːz ]
болезнь	illness, sickness, disease	[ ˈɪlnəs ] [ ˈsɪknəs ] [ dɪˈziːz ]
- заразная ~	contagious ~	[ kənˈteɪdʒəs ]
- излечимая ~	curable ~	[ ˈkjʊərəbəl ]
- неизлечимая ~	incurable ~	[ ɪnˈkjʊərəbəl ]
- смертельная ~	fatal, deadly ~	[ ˈfeɪtəl ] [ ˈdedli ]
- хроническая ~	chronic ~	[ ˈkrɒnɪk ]
болезнь Альцгеймера	Alzheimer's disease	[ æ̱lts’haɪməz dɪ’ziːz ]
болезнь сердца	heart disease	[ hɑːt dɪˈziːz ]
больное горло, боль в горле	a sore throat	[ ə sɔː θrəʊt ]
боль в груди	chest pain	[ tʃest peɪn ]
боль в животе	stomachache	[ stomachache ]
боль в спине	backache	[ ˈbækeɪk ]
боль в ухе	earache	[ ˈɪəreɪk ]
больничный (отпуск по болезни)	sick leave	[ sɪk liːv ]
больной	ill, sick, diseased	[ ɪl ] sɪk ] [ dɪˈziːzd ]
бородавка	wart	[ wɔːt ]
бронхит	bronchitis	[ brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs ]
брюшной тиф	typhoid fever	[ ˈtaɪfɔɪd ˈfiːvə ]
венерическая инфекция	STI (sexually transmitted infection)	[ ˈsekʃʊəli trænzˈmɪtɪd ɪnˈfekʃən ]
ветряная оспа	chicken pox, chickenpox	[ ˈtʃɪkɪn pɒks ] [ ˈtʃɪkɪnpɒks ]
вирус	virus	[ ˈvaɪərəs ]
ВИЧ	HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)	[ ˌeɪtʃaɪˈviː ] [ ˈhjuːmən ɪˌmjuːnəʊdɪˈfɪʃnsi ˈvaɪərəs ]
воспаление	inflammation	[ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən ]
воспаление легких	pneumonia	[ njuːˈməʊnɪə ]
воспаление миндалин, тонзиллит	tonsillitis, inflammation of the tonsils	[ ˌtɒnsɪˈlaɪtɪs ] [ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈtɒnsɪlz ]
вросший ноготь на пальце ноги	ingrown toenail	[ ˈɪnɡrəʊɪŋ ˈtəʊneɪl ]
выздороветь	to recover	[ tə rɪˈkʌvə ]
выкидыш	miscarriage	[ ˌmɪsˈkærɪdʒ ]
высокое кровяное давление	high blood pressure, hypertension	[ haɪ blʌd ˈpreʃə ] [ ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃən ]
гастрит	gastritis	[ ɡæˈstraɪtɪs ]
гемофилия	haemophilia	[ ˌhiːməˈfɪlɪə ]
геморрой	haemorrhoids, piles	[ ˈhemərɔɪdz ] [ paɪlz ]
гепатит	hepatitis	[ ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs ]
герпес	herpes	[ ˈhɜːpiːz ]
гипотермия; переохлаждение	hypothermia, exposure to cold	[ ˌhaɪpəˈθɜːmiə ] [ ɪkˈspəʊʒə tə kəʊld ]
глухой	deaf	[ def ]
головная боль	headache	[ ˈhedeɪk ]
головокружение	giddiness, dizziness, vertigo	[ ˈɡɪdɪnəs ] [ ˈdɪzɪnəs ] [ ˈvɜːtɪɡəʊ ]
горная болезнь	mountain sickness, altitude sickness	[ ˈmaʊntɪn ˈsɪknəs ] [ ˈæltɪtjuːd ˈsɪknəs ]
грибок	fungus	[ ˈfʌŋɡəs ]
грипп	flu, influenza	[ fluː ] [ ˌɪnflʊˈenzə ]
грыжа	hernia, rupture	[ ˈhɜːnɪə ] [ ˈrʌptʃə ]
депрессия	depression	[ dɪˈpreʃən ]
диабет	diabetes	[ ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪz ]
диагноз	diagnosis	[ ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs ]
диарея	diarrhea, diarrhea	[ ˌdaɪəˈrɪə ] [ ˌdaɪəˈrɪə ]
дизентерия	dysentery	[ ˈdɪsəntri ]
дислексия, неспособность к чтению	dyslexia	[ dɪsˈleksɪə ]
дифтерия	diphtheria	[ dɪfˈθɪərɪə ]
жёлтая лихорадка	yellow fever	[ ˌjeləu'fiːvə ]
желтуха	jaundice	[ ˈdʒɔːndɪs ]
заболевать / заболеть	to fall ill (with), to be taken ill (with), to be down (with)	[ tə fɔːl ɪl wɪð ] [ tə bi ˈteɪkən ɪl wɪð ] [ tə bi daʊn wɪð ]
заноза	splinter	[ ˈsplɪntə ]
запор	constipation	[ ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃən ]
заразный	infectious, contagious	[ ɪnˈfekʃəs ] [ kənˈteɪdʒəs ]
изжога	heartburn	[ ˈhɑːtbɜːn ]
инсульт	stroke, apoplexy, cerebrovascular accident	[ strəʊk ] [ ˈæpəpleksi ] [ ˌsɛrɪbrəʊˈvaskjʊləˈæksɪdənt ]
инфаркт	infarction, heart attack	[ ɪnˈfɑːkʃən ] [ hɑːt əˈtæk ]
инфекция	infection	[ ɪnˈfekʃən ]
кашель	cough	[ kɒf ]
кишечная палочка	Escherichia coli	[ ˌɛʃɨˈrɪkiə ˈkoʊlaɪ ]
коклюш	whooping cough	[ ˈhuːpɪŋ kɒf ]
конъюнктивит	conjunctivitis	[ kənˌdʒʌŋktɪˈvaɪtɪs ]
корь	measles	[ ˈmiːzlz ]
кровотечение	bleeding	[ ˈbliːdɪŋ ]
кровотечение из носа	nosebleed	[ ˈnəʊzbliːd ]
лейкемия, лейкоз	leukemia, leukosis	[ luːˈkiːmiə ] [ˈljuːkəusɪs ]
малярия	malaria	[ məˈleərɪə ]
менингит	meningitis	[ ˌmenɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs ]
мигрень	migraine	[ ˈmiːɡreɪn ]
мозоль	callus, corn	[ ˈkæləs ] [ kɔːn ]
мононуклеоз инфекционный	glandular fever, kissing disease	[ ˈɡlændjʊlə ˈfiːvə ] [ ˈkɪsɪŋ dɪˈziːz ]
нарыв, абсцесс, гнойник	abscess, boil	[ ˈæbses ] [ bɔɪl ]
насморк	(head) cold, cold in the head, running nose	[ hed kəʊld ] kəʊld ɪn ðə hed ] [ ˈrʌnɪŋ nəʊz ]
недомогание	ailment, malaise	[ ˈeɪlmənt ] [ mæˈleɪz ]
несварение желудка; нарушение пищеварения	indigestion	[ ˌɪnd(a)ɪˈdʒestʃən ]
низкое кровяное давление	low blood pressure, hypotension	[ ləʊ blʌd ˈpreʃə ] [ ˌhaɪpoˈtenʃən ]
обезвоживание	dehydration	[ diːˈhaɪdreɪʃən ]
облысение	hair loss, alopecia, baldness	[ heə lɒs ] [ˌæləu'piːʃə ] [ bɔːldnəs ]
обморожение	frostbite	[ ˈfrɒstbaɪt ]
обморок	faint, fainting fit	[ feɪnt ] [ ˈfeɪntɪŋ fɪt ]
ожирение	obesity	[ əʊˈbiːsɪti ]
опухоль	swelling, tumor	[ ˈswelɪŋ ] [ ˈtuːmə ]
осложнение болезни	complication of the disease	[ ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃən əv ðə dɪˈziːz ]
паралич	paralysis	[ pəˈræləsɪs ]
перелом	fracture	[ ˈfræktʃə ]
перитонит	peritonitis	[ ˌperɪtəˈnaɪtɪs ]
пищевое отравление	food poisoning	[ fuːd ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ]
пневмония	pneumonia	[ njuːˈməʊnɪə ]
подагра	gout	[ ɡaʊt ]
полиомиелит	polio	[ ˈpəʊlɪəʊ ]
понос	diarrhea, diarrhoea	[ ˌdaɪəˈrɪə ] [ ˌdaɪəˈrɪə ]
порез	cut	[ kʌt ]
порезаться	to cut oneself	[ tə kʌt wʌnˈself ]
припадок	fit, attack	[ fɪt ] [ əˈtæk ]
- нервный припадок	fit / attack of nerves, nervous fit	[ fɪt əˈtæk əv nɜːvz ] [ ˈnɜːvəs fɪt ]
простуда	cold	[ kəʊld ]
простудиться	to catch / take (a) cold / chill	[ tə kætʃ teɪk ə kəʊld tʃɪl ]
прыщ	spot, pimple	[ spɒt ] [ ˈpɪmpl ]
рак	cancer	[ ˈkænsə ]
рак лёгких	lung cancer	[ lʌŋ ˈkænsə ]
расстройство желудка	indigestion, stomach upset	[ ˌɪndɪˈdʒestʃən ] [ ˈstʌmək ˌʌpˈset ]
расстройство питания	eating disorder	[ ˈiːtɪŋ dɪsˈɔːdə ]
растяжение связок	sprain	[ spreɪn ]
ревматизм	rheumatism	[ ˈruːmətɪzəm ]
свинка	mumps	[ mʌmps ]
сенная лихорадка	hay fever	[ heɪ ˈfiːvə ]
сердечный приступ	heart attack	[ hɑːt əˈtæk ]
синяк	bruise	[ bruːz ]
скарлатина	scarlet fever	[ ˈskɑːlət ˈfiːvə ]
склероз	sclerosis	[ skləˈrəʊsɪs ]
- рассеянный склероз	multiple sclerosis (MS)	[ ˈmʌltɪpəl skləˈrəʊsɪs ]
сломать ногу	to break one's leg	[ tə breɪk wʌnz leɡ ]
сломанная (сломанная кость, ~ рука, ~ нога)	broken (broken bone, broken arm, broken leg)	[ ˈbrəʊkən ] [ˈbrəʊkən bəʊn ] [ ˈbrəʊkən ɑːm ] [ ˈbrəʊkən leɡ ]
солнечный ожог	sunburn	[ ˈsʌnbɜːn ]
солнечный удар	sunstroke	[ ˈsʌnstrəʊk ]
сотрясение мозга	brain concussion	[ breɪn kənˈkʌʃən ]
СПИД	AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)	[ eɪdz ] [ əˈkwaɪəd ɪˌmjuːnəʊdɪˈfɪʃnsi ˈsɪndrəʊm ]
старческое слабоумие	senile dementia	[ ˈsiːnaɪl dɪˈmenʃə ]
стенокардия, грудная жаба	angina	[ æn'ʤaɪnə ]
столбняк	tetanus	[ 'tetənəs ]
стресс	stress	[ stres ]
судорога, спазм	cramp, convulsion, spasm	[ kræmp ] [ kənˈvʌlʃən ] [ ˈspæzəm ]
сыпь	rash, (skin) eruption	[ ræʃ ] [ skɪn ɪˈrʌpʃən ]
телесное повреждение	injury	[ ˈɪndʒəri ]
температура	temperature, fever	[ ˈtemprətʃə ] [ ˈfiːvə ]
тепловой удар	heat stroke	[ hiːt strəʊk ]
тиф брюшной	typhoid fever	[ ˈtaɪfɔɪd ˈfiːvə ]
токсоплазмоз (паразитарная болезнь)	toxoplasmosis	[ˌtɒksəʊplazˈməʊsɪs]
туберкулез	tuberculosis	[ tju:ˌbɜːkjʊˈləʊsɪs ]
угорь	acne	[ ˈækni ]
усталость	fatigue	[ fəˈtiːɡ ]
холера	cholera	[ ˈkɒlərə ]
царапина	scratch	[ skrætʃ ]
чесотка	scabies	[ ˈskeɪbiːz ]
чувство тошноты	nausea	[ ˈnɔːzɪə ] [ ˈnɔːsɪə ]
чума	plague	[ pleɪg ]
шизофрения	schizophrenia	[ ˌskɪtsəʊˈfriːnɪə ]
шишка (опухоль)	swelling, bump	[ ˈswelɪŋ ] [ bʌmp ]
шрам	scar	[ skɑː ]
экзема	eczema	[ ˈeksɪmə ]
энцефалит (клещевой)	(tick-borne) encephalitis	[ tɪk bɔːn ] [ ˌensefə'laɪtɪs ], [ˌenke- ], [ɪn-]
эпидемия	epidemic	[ ˌepɪˈdemɪk ]
эпилепсия	epilepsy	[ ˈepɪlepsi ]
язва	ulcer	[ ˈʌlsə ]
язва желудка	gastric ulcer, stomach ulcer	[ ˈɡæstrɪk ˈʌlsə ] [ ˈstʌmək ˈʌlsə ]
симптомы / жалобы / рекомендации	symptoms / complaints / recommendations
беременная	pregnant	[ ˈpreɡnənt ]
бледный	pale, pallid	[ peɪl ] [ ˈpælɪd ]
боль	pain, ache	[ peɪn ] [ eɪk ]
бросать / бросить курить	to give up smoking, to stop / quit smoking	[ tə ɡɪv ʌp ˈsməʊkɪŋ ] [ tə stɒp / kwɪt ˈsməʊkɪŋ ]
в хорошей форме	fit, in good shape	[ fɪt ] [ ɪn ɡʊd ʃeɪp ]
дышать	to breathe	[ tə briːð ]
заплакать	to start / begin to cry, to start crying	[ tə stɑːt / bɪˈɡɪn tə kraɪ ] [ tə stɑːt ˈkraɪɪŋ ]
здоровый	healthy	[ ˈhelθi ]
здоровье	health	[ helθ ]
курить	to smoke	[ tə sməʊk ]
недееспособный (инвалид)	disabled, handicapped	[ dɪsˈeɪbəld ] [ ˈhændɪkæpt ]
отдыхать / отдохнуть	to (have a) rest	[ tə həv ə rest ]
падать / упасть в обморок	to faint, to swoon	[ tə feɪnt ] [ tə swuːn ]
пот	sweat, perspiration	[ swet ] [ ˌpɜːspəˈreɪʃən ]
пульс	pulse	[ pʌls ]
реабилитация	rehabilitation	[ ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən ]
слабый	weak, feeble	[ wiːk ] [ ˈfiːbəl ]
слепой	blind	[ blaɪnd ]
советоваться с врачом	to consult a doctor	[ tə kənˈsʌlt ə ˈdɒktə ]
страдать	to suffer (from)	[ tə ˈsʌfə frɒm ]
у меня болит голова	I have a headache	[ ˈaɪ həv ə ˈhedeɪk ]
у меня болит горло	I have a sore throat	[ ˈaɪ həv ə sɔː θrəʊt ]
у меня болит зуб	I have (a) toothache	[ ˈaɪ həv ə ˈtuːθeɪk ]
умирать / умереть	to die	[ tə daɪ ]
утешать	to comfort, to console	[ tə ˈkʌmfət ] [ tə kənˈsəʊl ]
чувствовать себя хорошо	to feel well / good	[ tə fiːl wel / ɡʊd ]
лекарственные средства и прочее	medicines, etc.
бинт	bandage	[ ˈbændɪdʒ ]
болеутоляющее средство	painkiller	[ ˈpeɪnkɪlə ]
вредный	harmful, injurious (to health)	[ ˈhɑːmfəl ] [ ɪnˈdʒʊərɪəs tə helθ ]
доза	dose	[ dəʊs ]
костыль	crutch	[ krʌtʃ ]
лекарство	medicine, drug	[ ˈmedsən ] [ drʌɡ ]
лекарство от кашля	cough medicine	[ kɒf ˈmedsən ]
лечение	(medical) treatment	[ ˈmedɪkəl ˈtriːtmənt ]
машина скорой помощи	ambulance	[ ˈæmbjələns ]
операция	operation, surgery	[ ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən ] [ ˈsɜːdʒəri ]
очки	glasses, spectacles	[ ˈɡlɑːsɪz ] [ ˈspektəkəlz ]
отрава, яд	poison	[ ˈpɔɪzən ]
пациент(ка)	patient	[ ˈpeɪʃnt ]
перевязь, повязка	sling	[ slɪŋ ]
пластырь	(sticking) plaster	[ ˈstɪkɪŋ ˈplɑːstə ]
побочное действие	side-effect	[ saɪd ɪˈfekt ]
принимать / принять лекарство	to take (some) medicine	[ tə teɪk səm ˈmedsən ]
медицина	medicine, medical science	[ ˈmedsən ] [ ˈmedɪkəl ˈsaɪəns ]
медсестра	nurse	[ nɜːs ]
противозачаточная пилюля	contraceptive pill	[ ˌkɒntrəˈseptɪv pɪl ]
рентген	X-ray	[ ˈeks reɪ ]
рецепт (мед.)	prescription	[ prɪˈskrɪpʃən ]
снотворная таблетка	sleeping tablet / pill	[ ˈsliːpɪŋ ˈtæblɪt / pɪl ]
средство	remedy, cure	[ ˈremədi ] [ kjʊə ]
таблетка	tablet, pill	[ ˈtæblɪt ] [ pɪl ]
термометр	thermometer	[ θəˈmɒmɪtə ]
шприц	syringe	[ sɪˈrɪndʒ ]
хирургия	surgery	[ ˈsɜːdʒəri ]

https://study-english.info/

Parts of the body - vocabulary, verbs, idioms

Actions associated with different parts of the body

Head – to nod, to shake, to turn
Nod your head if you agree and shake it if you don’t.
Turn your head to the left.

Neck – to bend
Bend your neck to look down at your toes.

Shoulder – to shrug
He didn’t know the answer so he shrugged his shoulders

Stomach – to digest
We needed a nap after lunch to digest the huge meal we had eaten.

Arm – to bend
Bend your arms slowly when doing push-ups. 

Elbow – to bend
When I bend my elbow it hurts.

Leg – to walk, to jog, to run
Babies learn to walk when they’re about one. They can’t run until much later.

Knee – to bend, to kneel
After the operation it was difficult for him to bend his knee to kneel down.

Foot – to tread, to step, to stamp
She trod on a nail by mistake.
He stepped over the sleeping dog.
She stamped her foot when she wasn’t allowed more sweets.

Ear – to listen, to hear
I always listen to music in the gym.
I heard that she had moved to Ireland.

Eye – to look, to see, to watch, blink, wink
Look at the price of that ring!
I saw an owl last night.
We never watch television in our house.
She blinked when the doctor shone the torch into her eye.
The old man winked at the nurse.

Mouth – to talk, to speak
It’s rude to talk with your mouth full.
He always speaks very loudly.

Lips – to smile
She smiled politely at his joke.

Teeth – to bite, to chew, to chatter
The dog bit the postman’s leg.
No one could chew the tough steak.
My teeth were chattering with the cold.

HANDS

Hand – hold, shake, wave
Hold my hand when we cross the road.
He has a very firm handshake.
The Queen waved her hand at the crowd.

Wrist – bend
Don’t bend you wrist too far back or it might hurt.

Fingers – point, drum
‘Look!’ she pointed a giant bear
She drummed her fingers on the desk waiting for his answer.

---

Verbs and Phrasal Verbs using parts of the body

to head
to hit a ball with your head, to lead, to go in a particular direction
If he hadn’t headed that ball they would have lost the match.

to head for
to move in the direction of
She was heading to the exit when he called her back.

to head off
to leave a place, to start a journey
It’s late, I think I’ll head off home now.

to head something off
to take action to prevent something happening
Proper water management can head off crop failures.

to head out
to depart, to begin a journey
The boats were all heading out of the marina.

to head over
to go to/towards
I’ll head over to yours when the match is finished.

to head up
to lead
He will be heading up the new Sales team.

to eye up
to look at something with interest or desire
He eyed up the food greedily.

to mouth
to form words with the lips without making sound
She mouthed her prayers.

to mouth off
to speak loudly and aggressively
She was mouthing off about her sister when her sister walked in.

to nose around
to search for something, usually in a secret way
The journalists were nosing around trying to find a story.

to be all ears
full of interest to hear something
Tell me how the date went – I’m all ears

to hand
to give something to someone using hands
Please hand me the green piece of paper.

to elbow
to push one’s elbow into someone
Old ladies always elbow their way to the front.

to leg it
colloquial to run off, usually to avoid being caught
The thief legged it when he heard the police sirens.

to back down
to withdraw a claim or demand
When she saw the evidence she backed down.

to back out
to withdraw from a commitment
He backed out of the tournament at the last minute.

---

Idioms with parts of the body

head over heels
deeply in love
You can see he’s head over heels in love with Mary.

tear one’s hair out
to be very worried or exasperated
Her mother was tearing her hair out when
Elle wasn’t home by midnight.

in the blink of an eye
very quickly
The new perfume sold out in the blink of an eye.

keep an eye on something
to look after something by watching over it
Please keep an eye on the stove; I have to make a phone call.

have a nose for something
to have a natural ability at something
Policeman Plod had a nose for solving the crimes.

play it by ear
leave plans loose and decide on action as the situation changes
It’s raining so I’m not sure we’ll go to the park today, let’s play it by ear.

bite one’s tongue
to stay silent even though you want to say something
I wanted to give her a piece of my mind but
I bit my tongue.

by the skin of one’s teeth
just barely, usually to escape disaster
He did no work and only passed the exam by the skin of his teeth.

keep one’s chin up
try to be cheerful
Keep your chin up, I’m sure you’ll find a job soon.

a finger in every pie
be involved in many different activities, used positively or as a criticism
If you need some help ask Tom, he’s got a finger in every pie.

learn something by heart
memorize
Children have to learn their times tables by heart in Year 3.

have/get butterflies in one’s stomach
to be anxious, nervous
Whenever I see him I get butterflies in my stomach.

cost an arm and a leg
to cost a lot, be expensive
I love her new car but it cost an arm and a leg.

a leg up
an advantage
She only studied law because her uncle could give her a leg up when she qualified.

foot the bill
to cover the cost of an expense
I guess I’ll have to foot the bill again.

drag one’s heels
to do something slowly and reluctantly
Governments around the world are dragging their heels in addressing climate change.

Most people in the UK are killed by five diseases - here are some tips to avoid them

By DOCTOR SARAH BREWER

We all have to go somehow. And last year 493,242 Britons died of various causes. The majority were due to heart disease and more than a quarter were as a result of various forms of cancer.

But behind these sad statistics is another story: yes, we all die of something, but how soon it happens and what gets us in the end is, to some extent, down to our lifestyle.

So what are Britain’s most common killers, and how can we avoid them? Here is my practical guide.

Heart Disease

Most common: Heart attack, 70,196

Why does it kill? When cells in the heart die, the muscle cannot pump blood around the body. Without a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood, the body dies.

Will it happen to me? The risk of suffering a heart attack can be as high as one in three. A family history of heart disease also raises the risk of developing it. Heart attacks are most common in men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55.

How to avoid it: Give up smoking – you are five times more likely to have a heart attack in your 30s and 40s if you smoke. Lose excess weight and eat plenty of fruit, vegetables and less salt. Eat oily fish or take a fish-oil supplement rich in omega 3 oils – studies have shown that taking just 1g of long-chain fish oils (EPA and DHA) daily reduces the risk of suffering a heart attack by 45 per cent. Control stress levels – excess stress can increase blood pressure by the equivalent of carrying an extra 44 lb in weight or gaining an additional 20 years in age. Exercise for at least 30 minutes each day.

What to look for: A heart attack can be difficult to distinguish from angina (the body’s warning sign that it is close to suffering a heart attack). Both are due to lack of oxygen reaching the heart muscle. A heart attack usually occurs after physical activity and symptoms can be vague. Fatigue, an urgent need to empty the bowels and chest discomfort as opposed to intense pain can all be the beginnings of a heart attack. Angina usually fades after rest but heart-attack symptoms will steadily worsen.

Cancer

Most common: Throat and lung, 29,977

Why does it kill? Cancers develop when a single cell starts to divide repeatedly, producing abnormal copies of itself, rather than dividing occasionally just to replace worn-out cells. If the immune system does not destroy these cells, they continue to reproduce and invade surrounding tissues. Cancers usually kill because they can impair the function of the organ or tissue they are growing on.

Will it happen to me? Cancer can occur at any age and results from poorly understood interactions between genes, environment and lifestyle. But if you smoke, the chance of developing cancer – particularly throat and lung – is almost 100 per cent; otherwise you stand a one in three chance. The risk is higher if there is a family history of the disease.

How to avoid it: At least 40 per cent of cancers can be prevented by lifestyle changes. Not smoking (again!),  controlling alcohol use, sun exposure and weight, eating nutrient-rich fruit and vegetables, regular exercise, reducing intake of air pollution (such as using a mask if you cycle in a city regularly) as well as making sure you are not exposed to toxic chemicals in the workplace will help. Get checked for sexually transmitted diseases as some, such as hepatitis and the HPV virus (genital warts), have been linked to certain cancers.

What to look for: Cancer symptoms are usually specific to the area affected, but never ignore a lump, changes in bowel habits, urinary difficulties, recurrent heartburn, a nagging cough or shortness of breath, recurrent discomfort in a specific place, sudden and inexplicable weight or blood loss.

Dementia

Most common: Alzheimer’s disease, 6,757

Why does it kill? A form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease causes brain cells to deteriorate, but more specifically because there is an accumulation of protein both inside and outside of the brain cells that attacks the nerves, cells and neurotransmitters (chemicals in the brain).

Will it happen to me? As with all forms of dementia, Alzheimer’s does have a hereditary component. Smokers are also much more prone.

How to avoid it: Folic acid (Vitamin B9) has been shown to protect against the disease but the most important thing is to keep challenging yourself mentally – with brain cells, it really is a case of using them or losing them. Omega 3 supplements have also been shown to prevent dementia.

What to look for: The same symptoms as other forms of dementia – mood swings, and difficulty thinking, speaking, remembering and making judgments.

Digestive Disease

Most common: Liver failure, 7,503

Why does it kill? The liver is responsible for filtering toxins, regulating blood production and producing bile to digest food. As liver disease sets in, liver cells are replaced by scar tissue (cirrhosis). When this happens, the liver cannot function and toxins build up in the body. This can slow blood-clotting by 50 per cent.

Will it happen to me? The liver is a very resilient organ, and even if 75 per cent of it is removed it will usually grow back. Women are more prone to  liver disease than men. The chances of developing the disease is one in 109 in the UK.

How to avoid it: Avoid ingesting too much of substances that damage the liver, such as alcohol and painkillers. Get tested for hepatitis if you think you may be at risk of having contracted it (if you have engaged in unprotected sex or have been contaminated with hepatitis-positive blood).

What to look for: Tenderness in the upper right abdomen, jaundice (yellow whites of the eyes or skin), intense itchiness, easy bruising and bleeding. Red spider veins on the torso, red palms of hands and gynecomastia (enlarged male breasts) can also be symptomatic of an underlying liver problem.

Diabetes

Why does it kill? If the pancreas does not produce enough of a hormone called insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body does not make effective use of the insulin (type 2 diabetes), high glucose levels build up in the body. Poorly  managed glucose levels trigger heart disease, poor circulation, blindness and leg ulcers that are prone to infection.

Will it happen to me? Having a father with type 2 diabetes makes the chances of developing the disease one in 40. If both parents suffer, the chances increase to one in 20. Adults of Asian origin are more at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and should be vigilant in maintaining a healthy weight.

How to avoid it: Eat a balanced diet, maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly. People who are prone to developing type 2 diabetes tend to store fat around their middle. A man is at highest risk of developing the condition once his waist size has reached 40in. For a woman, it’s 35in. Studies have shown that losing 22 lb can reduce the overall risk of a premature diabetes-related death by up to 30 per cent. Bringing blood pressure down to  normal levels can reduce your risk of diabetic death by 32 per cent, stroke by 44 per cent and heart failure by 56 per cent.

What to look for: A raised blood sugar level – get checked regularly by your doctor if you are at risk.

https://cutt.ly/N4XBxq7