Правила чтения в английском языке

Английский алфавит

№	БУКВА	ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ	№	БУКВА	ТРАНСКРИПЦИЯ
1.	A a	[ ei ]	14.	N n	[ en ]
2.	B b	[ bi: ]	15.	O o	[ əu ]
3.	C c	[ si: ]	16.	P p	[ pi: ]
4.	D d	[di: ]	17.	Q q	[ kju: ]
5.	E e	[ i: ]	18.	R r	[ a:(r) ]
6.	F f	[ ef ]	19.	S s	[ es ]
7.	G g	[ d3i: ]	20.	T t	[ ti: ]
8.	H h	[ eit∫ ]	21.	U u	[ ju: ]
9.	I i	[ ai ]	22.	V v	[ vi: ]
10.	J j	[ d3ei ]	23.	W w	['dΛblju:]
11.	K k	[ kei ]	24.	X x	[ eks ]
12.	L l	[ el ]	25.	Y y	[ wai ]
13.	M m	[ em ]	26.	Z z	[ zed ]

Чтение гласных букв

Алфавитное название буквы	В конце слова
	гласная	согласная	гласная + r	гласная +re (+ согласная)
	I	II	III	IV
А а [ ei ]	[ ei ] take	[ æ ] cat	[ a: ] car	[ εə ] care
O o [ əu ]	[ əu ] rose	[ ɔ ] dog	[ ɔ: ] for	[ ɔ: ] more
U u [ ju: ]	[ ju: ] use	[ Λ ] cup	[ ə: ] fur	[ uə ] sure
E e [ i: ]	[ i: ] Pete	[ e ] pet	[ ə: ] her	[ iə ] here
I i / Y y [ ai / wai ]	[ ai ] Mike [ ai ] fly	[ i ] pig [ i ] system		[ aiə ] tyre

A

[ei]	[æ]	[a:]	[εə]
plane [plein]	bag [bæg]	car [ka:]	care [kεə]

O

[əu]	[ɔ]	[ɔ:]	[ɔ:]
nose [nəuz]	box [bɔks]	sort [sɔ:t]	store [stɔ:]

U

[ju:]	[ʌ]	[ɜ:]	[juə]
tube [tju:b]	bus [bʌs]	turn [tɜ:n]	pure [puə]

E

[i:]	[e]	[ɜ:]	[iə]
Pete [pi:t]	pet [pet]	her [hɜ:]	here [hiə]

I

[ai]	[i]	[ɜ:]	[aiə]
pine [pain]	big [big]	girl [gɜ:l]	fire [faiə]

Y

[ai]	[i]	[ɜ:]	[aiə]
bye [bai]	Syd [sid]	myrtle [mɜ:tl]	tyre [taiə]

Чтение гласных буквоcочетаний

oo	[ ʊ ]	look, book, cook, good, foot	[ lʊk ] [ bʊk ] [ kʊk ] [ ɡʊd ] [ fʊt ]
	[ uː ]	pool, school, Zoo, too	[ puːl ] [ skuːl ] [ zuː ] [ tuː ]
ee	[ iː ]	see, bee, tree, three, meet	[ ˈsiː ] [ biː ] [ triː ] [ θriː ] [ miːt ]
ea Исключения:	[ iː ]	tea, meet, eat, read, speak	[ tiː ] [ miːt ] [ iːt ] [ riːd ] [ spiːk ]
	[ e ]	bread, head, breakfast, healthy	[ bred ] [ hed ] [ ˈbrekfəst ] [ ˈhelθi ]
au	[ eɪ ]	away, play, say, may	[ əˈweɪ ] [ pleɪ ] [ ˈseɪ ] [ meɪ ]
ey		grey, they	[ ɡreɪ ] [ ˈðeɪ ]

Чтение согласных буквосочетаний

ck	[ k ]	black, stick	[ blæk ] [ stɪk ]
ng	[ ŋ ]	sing, bring, ring, reading	[ sɪŋ ] [ brɪŋ ] [ rɪŋ ] [ ˈriːdɪŋ ]
sh	[ ʃ ]	she, shop, fish	[ ʃi ] [ ʃɒp ] [ fɪʃ ]
ph	[ f ]	phone, photograph	[ fəʊn ] [ ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf ]
	[ v ]	nephew	[ ˈnevjuː ]
th	[ ð ]	this, that, the	[ ðɪs ] [ ðæt ] [ ði: ]
	[ θ ]	thank, thick	[ θæŋk ] [ θɪk ]
	[ t ]	Thames	[ ˈtemz ]
wh Исключение:	[ w ]	when, white, why	[ wen ] [ waɪt ] [ waɪ ]
	[ h ]	who	[ huː ]
kn	[ n ]	know, knife	[ nəʊ ] [ naɪf ]
wr	[ r ]	write, wrong	[ ˈraɪt ] [ rɒŋ ]
gh	[ f ]	enough	[ ɪˈnʌf ]
	[ - ]	high	[ haɪ ]
gn	[ n ]	sign	[ saɪn ]
ss	[ s ]	possible	[ ˈpɒsəbəl ]
	[ ʃ ]	pressure	[ ˈpreʃə ]
sc	[ sk ]	screen	[ skriːn ]
	[ s ]	scene	[ siːn ]
nk	[ ŋk ]	think	[ ˈθɪŋk ]
ch	[ tʃ ]	chess	[ tʃes ]
	[ k ]	chemistry	[ ˈkemɪstri ]
	[ ʃ ]	machine	[ məˈʃiːn ]
tch	[ tʃ ]	match	[ mætʃ ]
qu	[ kw ]	question	[ ˈkwestʃən ]